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The main elements that comprise the human body (including water) can be summarized as CHNOPS. Element Symbol percent mass percent atoms Oxygen O 65.0 24.0 Carbon C 18.5 12.0 Hydrogen H 9.5 62.0 Nitrogen N 2.6 1.1 Calcium Ca 1.3 0.22 Phosphorus P 0.6 0.22 Sulfur S 0.3 0.038 Potassium K 0.2 0.03 Sodium Na 0.2 0.037 Chlorine Cl 0.2 0.024 Magnesium Mg
Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, [9] [10] with an average density around 1060 kg/m 3, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m 3. [11] The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 litres (11 US pt) or 1.3 gallons, [ 10 ] which is composed of plasma and formed elements .
A healthy human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood. Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein, a chromoprotein, and globulin. In mammals, hemoglobin makes up about 96% of a red blood cell's dry weight (excluding water), and around 35% of the total weight (including water). [5]
Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system: 6.6-8.2 × 10 −8: Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage total 3.1-5.7 × 10 −4: phosphorus 5-10 × 10 −5: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone: Stimulates the adrenal cortex 2.5-12 × 10 −11 @ 6AM, mean 5.5 × 10 −11 @ 6AM, maximum 12 × 10 −11 @ 6PM, mean 3.5 × 10 −11 @ 6PM ...
The remaining elements found in living things are primarily metals that play a role in determining protein structure. Examples include iron, essential to hemoglobin; and magnesium, essential to chlorophyll. Some elements are essential only to certain taxonomic groups of organisms, particularly the prokaryotes.
[1] [11] The average adult human contains about 0.005% body weight of iron, or about four grams, of which three quarters is in hemoglobin – a level that remains constant despite only about one milligram of iron being absorbed each day, [5] because the human body recycles its hemoglobin for the iron content. [12]
Sodium is a metal where humans have discovered a great deal of its total roles in the body as well as being one of the only two alkali metals that play a major role in the bodily functions. It plays an important role in maintenance of the cell membrane potential and the electrochemical gradient in the body via the sodium-potassium pump and ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 February 2025. List of organ systems in the human body Part of a series of lists about Human anatomy General Features Regions Variations Movements Systems Structures Arteries Bones Eponymous Foramina Glands endocrine exocrine Lymphatic vessels Nerves Organs Systems Veins Muscles Abductors Adductors ...