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The lateral collateral ligament (LCL, long external lateral ligament or fibular collateral ligament) is an extrinsic ligament of the knee located on the lateral side of the knee. [ 1 ] [ verification needed ] [ 2 ] Its superior attachment is at the lateral epicondyle of the femur (superoposterior to the popliteal groove); its inferior ...
The unhappy triad occurs due to a lateral blow to the knee causing a rupture in the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus.Injury is most often sustained when a lateral (from the outside) force impacts the knee while the foot is fixed on the ground.
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. [2] Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. [2]
Injuries to the PLC often occur in combination with other ligamentous injuries to the knee; most commonly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). [2] As with any injury , an understanding of the anatomy and functional interactions of the posterolateral corner is important to diagnosing and treating the injury.
Typically there is a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and either the medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament. [3] If the ankle–brachial pressure index is less than 0.9, CT angiography is recommended to detect blood vessel injury. [3] Otherwise repeated physical exams may be sufficient. [2]
The mechanism of the knee injury can give a clue of the possible structures that can be injured. For example, applying valgus stress on the knee can cause medial collateral ligament rupture, meanwhile a varus force can cause lateral collateral ligament rupture.
Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise. [2] The location and severity of knee pain may vary, depending on the cause of the problem. Signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany knee pain include: [1] Swelling and stiffness; Redness and warmth to the touch; Weakness or instability; Popping or ...
Originally described by Dr. Paul Segond in 1879 [6] [7] after a series of cadaveric experiments, the Segond fracture occurs in association with tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (75–100%) and injury to the medial meniscus (66–75%), lateral capsular ligament (now known as the Anterolateral ligament, or ALL), as well as injury to the structures behind the knee.