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  2. Child process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_process

    This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask. There are two major procedures for creating a child process: the fork system call (preferred in Unix-like systems and the POSIX standard) and the spawn (preferred in the modern (NT) kernel of Microsoft Windows , as well as ...

  3. Asynchronous I/O - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O

    When a program makes many I/O operations (such as a program mainly or largely dependent on user input), this means that the processor can spend almost all of its time idle waiting for I/O operations to complete. Alternatively, it is possible to start the communication and then perform processing that does not require that the I/O be completed.

  4. I/O bound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_bound

    At this point, the CPU sits idle. The CPU-bound process will then move back to the ready queue and be allocated the CPU. Again, all the I/O processes end up waiting in the ready queue until the CPU-bound process is done. There is a convoy effect as all the other processes wait for the one big process to get off the CPU. This effect results in ...

  5. Critical section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_section

    A critical section is typically used when a multi-threaded program must update multiple related variables without a separate thread making conflicting changes to that data. In a related situation, a critical section may be used to ensure that a shared resource, for example, a printer, can only be accessed by one process at a time.

  6. Busy waiting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busy_waiting

    In computer science and software engineering, busy-waiting, busy-looping or spinning is a technique in which a process repeatedly checks to see if a condition is true, such as whether keyboard input or a lock is available. Spinning can also be used to generate an arbitrary time delay, a technique that was necessary on systems that lacked a ...

  7. wait (system call) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_(system_call)

    In computer operating systems, a process (or task) may wait for another process to complete its execution. In most systems, a parent process can create an independently executing child process . The parent process may then issue a wait system call , which suspends the execution of the parent process while the child executes.

  8. Instruction-level parallelism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction-level_parallelism

    ILP must not be confused with concurrency.In ILP, there is a single specific thread of execution of a process.On the other hand, concurrency involves the assignment of multiple threads to a CPU's core in a strict alternation, or in true parallelism if there are enough CPU cores, ideally one core for each runnable thread.

  9. Sleeping barber problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_barber_problem

    There are several possible solutions, but all solutions require a mutex, which ensures that only one of the participants can change state at once.The barber must acquire the room status mutex before checking for customers and release it when they begin either to sleep or cut hair; a customer must acquire it before entering the shop and release it once they are sitting in a waiting room or ...