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Another, non-obstructive variant of HCM is apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM), [37] also called Yamaguchi syndrome. It was first described in individuals of Japanese descent. Sakamoto is the first to report the condition's ECG pattern in 1976.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening is an assessment and testing to detect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a way of identifying HCM in immediate relatives of family members diagnosed with HCM, and athletes as part of a sports medical . [ 3 ]
Left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary repolarization abnormalities as seen on ECG Histopathology of (a) normal myocardium and (b) myocardial hypertrophy. Scale bar indicates 50 μm. Gross pathology of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricle is at right in image, serially sectioned from apex to near base.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects about 1 in 500 people while dilated cardiomyopathy affects 1 in 2,500. [ 3 ] [ 10 ] They resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. [ 7 ] [ 11 ] Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is more common in young people.
People who have a normal ECG and who are able to exercise, for example, do not merit routine imaging. [13] Imaging tests such as stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography can confirm a diagnosis when a person's history, physical exam, ECG and cardiac biomarkers suggest the likelihood of a problem. [13]
Nonetheless, the ECG is used to assist with the diagnosis of RVH. A post mortem study on 51 adult male patients concluded that anatomical RVH may be diagnosed using one or more of the following ECG criteria: [8] Right axis deviation of more than (or equal to) 110° (see hexaxial reference figure) R-wave dominant over S-wave in V1 or V2
Electrocardiogram (ECG) finds that should be looked for include signs of heart ischemia, arrhythmias, atrioventricular blocks, a long QT, a short PR, Brugada syndrome, signs of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and signs of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD/C).
Pulsus bisferiens, also known as biphasic pulse, is an aortic waveform with two peaks per cardiac cycle, a small one followed by a strong and broad one. [1] It is a sign of problems with the aorta, including aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation, as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing subaortic stenosis.