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x erf x 1 − erf x; 0: 0: 1: 0.02: 0.022 564 575: 0.977 435 425: 0.04: 0.045 111 106: 0.954 888 894: 0.06: 0.067 621 594: 0.932 378 406: 0.08: 0.090 078 126: 0.909 ...
1 ns: The time light takes to travel 30 cm (11.811 in) 10 −6: microsecond: μs One millionth of one second 1 μs: The time needed to execute one machine cycle by an Intel 80186 microprocessor 2.2 μs: The lifetime of a muon 4–16 μs: The time needed to execute one machine cycle by a 1960s minicomputer: 10 −3: millisecond: ms One ...
Jean Perrin in 1909 measured the mass of hydrogen to be 1.43 × 10 −27 kg, [68] and if alpha particles are four times as heavy as that, they would have an absolute mass of 5.72 × 10 −27 kg. The convention in Rutherford's time was to measure charge in electrostatic units, distance in centimeters, force in dynes, and energy in ergs.
Theorem LFT1 — On the set of convergence of a sequence {F n} of non-singular LFTs, the limit function is either: . a non-singular LFT, a function taking on two distinct values, or
In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations.
A symbol for the empty set. Common notations for the empty set include "{ }", "", and "∅".The latter two symbols were introduced by the Bourbaki group (specifically André Weil) in 1939, inspired by the letter Ø (U+00D8 Ø LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE) in the Danish and Norwegian alphabets. [2]
The Fano factor can be viewed as a kind of noise-to-signal ratio; it is a measure of the reliability with which the waiting time random variable can be estimated after several random events. For a Poisson counting process , the variance in the count equals the mean count, so F = 1 {\displaystyle F=1} .
Estimated rotational energy of M87 SMBH and total energy of the most luminous quasars over Gyr time-scales [334] [335] ~2×10 57 J Estimated thermal energy of the Bullet Cluster of galaxies [336] 7.3×10 57 J Mass-energy equivalent of the ultramassive black hole TON 618, an extremely luminous quasar / active galactic nucleus (AGN). [337] [338 ...