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A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money.
The United Kingdom national debt is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of the United Kingdom at any time through the issue of securities by the British Treasury and other government agencies. At the end of March 2023, UK general government gross debt was £2,537.0 billion, or 100.5% gross domestic product. [2]
The primary deficit is defined as the difference between current government spending on goods and services and total current revenue from all types of taxes net of transfer payments. The total deficit (which is often called the fiscal deficit or just the 'deficit') is the primary deficit plus interest payments on the debt. [8]
The period of fiscal year. The UK fiscal year ends on 5 April each year, while in the United States it begins on 1 October and ends on 30 September the following year. The person that the budget document begins with. In the UK, Budgets are usually set once every year and are announced in the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The UK government has spent more than it has raised in taxation since financial year 2001-02, [3] creating a budget deficit and leading to growing debt interest payments. Average government spending per person is higher in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland than it is in England.
The top economist warned that Ms Reeves’ current spending plans mean a 4.3 per cent jump in spending next year, 2.6 per cent the year after and then 1.3 per cent in each of the following years.
In his budget speech in March 2011 Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne stated that "Our fiscal mandate is to achieve a cyclically-adjusted current balance by the end of the rolling five year forecast period – which is currently 2015–16" [3] but having failed to do this by 2015 his revised aim was to balance the books by 2020.
A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] : 79–82 In the list below, government debt is measured for the general government sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial ...