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PCB warning label on a power transformer known to contain PCBs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organochlorine compounds with the formula C 12 H 10−x Cl x; they were once widely used in the manufacture of carbonless copy paper, as heat transfer fluids, and as dielectric and coolant fluids for electrical equipment. [2]
Ortho-PCBs may alter hormone regulation through disruption of the thyroid hormone transport by binding to transthyretin. [8] Coplanar PCBs are similar to dioxins and furans, both bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in organisms and may exert dioxin-like effects, in addition to the effects shared with non-coplanar PCBs.
Historically, municipal and medical waste incineration was the most important source of PCDD/Fs. PCB-compounds, always containing low concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs and PCDFs, were synthesized for various technical purposes (see Polychlorinated biphenyls). They have entered the environment through accidents such as fires or leaks from ...
Some organochlorides are considered safe enough for consumption in foods and medicines. For example, peas and broad beans contain the natural chlorinated plant hormone 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA); [16] [17] and the sweetener sucralose (Splenda) is widely used in diet products.
This occurs particularly in the subsurface environment and water sources, as well as in biological systems, having the potential to impact human health. [7] Some of the main sources of pollution and the introduction of xenobiotics into the environment come from large industries such as pharmaceuticals, fossil fuels, pulp and paper bleaching and ...
(Reuters) -A Washington jury on Tuesday ordered Bayer to pay $100 million to four people who say they were sickened by toxic chemicals known as PCBs at a Seattle-area school, but found the company ...
Many other foods and beverages may also contain proanthocyanidins, but few attain the levels found in red grape seeds and skins, [6] with a notable exception being aronia, which has the highest recorded level of proanthocyanidins among fruits assessed to date (664 milligrams per 100 g).
Exposure to the coplanar stereoisomer 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (but not the non-coplanar stereoisomer) in genetically susceptible mice is known to cause immunotoxicity and disorders related to the central nervous system, and even at doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg, excess neonatal fatalities are observed (LD 50 is from 5–10 mg/kg). [1]