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A cold-stimulus headache, colloquially known as an ice-cream headache or brain freeze, is a form of brief pain or headache commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, popsicles, and snow cones.
A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes two types of respiratory tract infections: the more common chest cold, tracheobronchitis, and the less common lung infection, walking pneumonia.
“A lot of viruses and bacteria can cause pharyngitis (a.k.a. a sore throat), sinus congestion, or a cough, and that irritates the throat and can cause swelling.”
It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
If the symptoms worsen, the pneumonia does not improve with home treatment, or complications occur, hospitalization may be required. [68] Worldwide, approximately 7–13% of cases in children result in hospitalization, [23] whereas in the developed world between 22 and 42% of adults with community-acquired pneumonia are admitted. [68]
The cough may persist for several weeks afterward with the total duration of symptoms usually around three weeks. [2] [1] Some have symptoms for up to six weeks. [3] In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a viral infection. [1] These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. [2]
The symptoms of pneumonia are fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain. [2] Inspiratory crackles may be heard on exam. [2] A chest x-ray can be useful to differentiate pneumonia from congestive heart failure. [2] As the cause is usually a bacterial infection, antibiotics are typically used for treatment. [2]
In adults, a fever is generally not present but it is common in infants and young children. [4] The cough is usually mild compared to that accompanying influenza. [4] While a cough and a fever indicate a higher likelihood of influenza in adults, a great deal of similarity exists between these two conditions. [24]
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