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In computing, the process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process. This number may be used as a parameter in various function calls, allowing processes to be manipulated, such as adjusting the process's priority or ...
PID namespaces are nested, meaning when a new process is created it will have a PID for each namespace from its current namespace up to the initial PID namespace. Hence, the initial PID namespace is able to see all processes, albeit with different PIDs than other namespaces will see processes with.
To generate software interrupts in Unix-like operating systems, the kill(pid,signum) system call will send a signal to another process. [63] pid is the process identifier of the receiving process. signum is the signal number (in mnemonic format) [b] to be sent. (The abrasive name of kill was chosen because early implementations only terminated ...
pstree output in FreeBSD. pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3].It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid.
This table contains PID numbers of elementary streams associated with the program and it has information about the type of these elementary streams (video, audio, etc.). In addition it may also contain an ECM (entitlement control messages) stream for any other stream that is encrypted.
The systemd daemon serves as the root of the user space's process tree; the first process (PID 1) has a special role on Unix systems, as it replaces the parent of a process when the original parent terminates. Therefore, the first process is particularly well suited for the purpose of monitoring daemons.
On a Unix or Unix-like system, a background process or job can be further identified as one whose process group ID differs from its terminal group ID (TGID). (The TGID of a process is the process ID of the process group leader that opened the terminal, which is typically the login shell.
As in other Unix-like systems, additional capabilities of the Linux kernel exist that are not part of POSIX: cgroups subsystem, the system calls it introduces and libcgroup [1] The system calls of the Direct Rendering Manager, especially the driver-private ioctls for the command submission, are not part of the POSIX specifications.