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Aristotle's lantern in a sea urchin, viewed in lateral section. The mouth of most sea urchins is made up of five calcium carbonate teeth or plates, with a fleshy, tongue-like structure within. The entire chewing organ is known as Aristotle's lantern from Aristotle's description in his History of Animals (translated by D'Arcy Thompson):
The tubercles lack the crenulations or ring of cog-like structures that articulate with the spines in certain other families. The Aristotle's lantern, or jaw apparatus, has the keeled teeth and the epiphyses united above the foramen magnum, the V-shaped gap between the hemipyramids that support the lantern's tooth. [2]
The green sea urchin has a structure called an Aristotle's lantern surrounding its mouth on its oral (under) surface. This has five teeth that can be used to rasp surfaces. It is largely herbivorous, feeding on the seagrass Thalassia. Its tube feet and spines also play a role in feeding, catching and holding bits of debris that float past. [4]
Embedded in the peristome are five calcareous "teeth" collectively known as Aristotle's lantern. These are used for grinding the flower urchin's food. The anus is situated on the upper (aboral) surface of the test, directly opposite the mouth. Like the mouth, it is surrounded by a ring of small plates known as the periproct.
All camarodonts have imperforate tubercles and compound ambulacral plates with the lowest elements enlarged. The pores are at regular intervals along the ambulacral plates from the apex to the mouth opening or peristome. The Aristotle's lantern, or jaw system, has keeled teeth with the supports meeting above the "foramen magnum". [2]
The mouthparts, known as the Aristotle's lantern, have simple plates and grooved teeth. The gills are relatively small, and in many species, entirely absent. The gills are relatively small, and in many species, entirely absent.
Our country's pumpkin-carving history began with a spooky tale. The post The History of Jack-o-Lanterns and How They Became a Halloween Tradition appeared first on Reader's Digest.
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