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  2. Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

    Empiricists argue that empiricism is a more reliable method of finding the truth than purely using logical reasoning, because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors of judgement. [2] Empiricism emphasizes the central role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions. [3]

  3. A Treatise of Human Nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_of_Human_Nature

    A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects (1739–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. [1]

  4. David Hume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume

    Hume was born on 26 April 1711, as David Home, in a tenement on the north side of Edinburgh's Lawnmarket.He was the second of two sons born to Catherine Home (née Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer of Newton, Midlothian and his wife Mary Falconer (née Norvell), [14] and Joseph Home of Chirnside in the County of Berwick, an advocate of Ninewells.

  5. Phenomenalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenalism

    Phenomenalism is a radical form of empiricism. Its roots as an ontological view of the nature of existence can be traced back to George Berkeley and his subjective idealism, upon which David Hume further elaborated. [1] John Stuart Mill had a theory of perception which is commonly referred to as classical phenomenalism. This differs from ...

  6. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    Some European philosophers saw the book's impact on psychology as comparable to Isaac Newton's impact upon science. Voltaire wrote: [12] Just as a skilled anatomist explains the workings of the human body, so does Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding give the natural history of consciousness.… So many philosophers having written the ...

  7. Epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

    Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called theory of knowledge , it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.

  8. Nature (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)

    Going further, the philosophical concept of nature or natures as a special type of causation - for example that the way particular humans are is partly caused by something called "human nature" is an essential step towards Aristotle's teaching concerning causation, which became standard in all Western philosophy until the arrival of modern science.

  9. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    The most famous natural right formulation comes from Locke's Second Treatise, when he introduces the state of nature. For Locke, the law of nature is grounded on mutual security or the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights, as every man is equal and has the same inalienable rights.