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A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective surface. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. [ 3 ] The angle of the incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the surface normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface).
Thus reflection is a reversal of the coordinate axis perpendicular to the mirror's surface. Although a plane mirror reverses an object only in the direction normal to the mirror surface, this turns the entire three-dimensional image seen in the mirror inside-out, so there is a perception of a left-right reversal. Hence, the reversal is somewhat ...
[10] [11] This case, where the mutual arrangement of achiral components forms a chiral (experimental) arrangement, is known as extrinsic chirality. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Chiral mirrors are a class of metamaterials that reflect circularly polarized light of a certain helicity in a handedness-preserving manner, while absorbing circular polarization of ...
It is one of the properties of images formed in a plane mirror. Some telescopes and other devices such as the camera obscura present an inverted image on the viewing surface. Mirrors and compound prism elements can be used to achieve an erect image instead.
The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, [2] however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately ...
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This behavior was first described by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). [2] Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. [3] [4] [5] He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane. [6] [7]
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