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In physics, a collision is any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time. Although the most common use of the word collision refers to incidents in which two or more objects collide with great force, the scientific use of the term implies nothing about the magnitude of the force.
This NHTSA collision test shows what happens when a Volkswagen New Beetle slides sideways into a utility pole or a tree. Two cars are involved in a side collision at an intersection in Tokyo, Japan. A side collision is a vehicle crash where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted.
The left-hand side is the time derivative of the momentum, and the right-hand side is the force, represented in terms of the potential energy. [9]: 737 Landau and Lifshitz argue that the Lagrangian formulation makes the conceptual content of classical mechanics more clear than starting with Newton's laws. [26]
In physics, an elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same. In an ideal, perfectly elastic collision, there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms such as heat , noise, or potential energy .
In physics, the coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by e), can be thought of as a measure of the elasticity of a collision between two bodies. It is a dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after a two-body collision to the relative velocity of approach before collision.
At normal speeds, during a perfectly inelastic collision, an object struck by a projectile will deform, and this deformation will absorb most or all of the force of the collision. Viewed from a conservation of energy perspective, the kinetic energy of the projectile is changed into heat and sound energy, as a result of the deformations and ...
At low energies, the result of the collision is the annihilation of the electron and positron, and the creation of energetic photons: e − + e + → γ + γ. At high energies, other particles, such as B mesons or the W and Z bosons, can be created. All processes must satisfy a number of conservation laws, including:
Collision theory is a principle of chemistry used to predict the rates of chemical reactions. It states that when suitable particles of the reactant hit each other with the correct orientation, only a certain amount of collisions result in a perceptible or notable change; these successful changes are called successful collisions.