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Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, [1] in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol.
The symmetry of a carbon dioxide molecule is linear and centrosymmetric at its equilibrium geometry. The length of the carbon–oxygen bond in carbon dioxide is 116.3 pm, noticeably shorter than the roughly 140 pm length of a typical single C–O bond, and shorter than most other C–O multiply bonded functional groups such as carbonyls. [19]
Structure and properties Index of refraction, n D: 1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C [1]: Dielectric constant, ε r: 1.60 ε 0 at 0 °C, 50 atm : Average energy per C=O bond : 804.4 kJ/mol at 298 K (25 °C) [2]
ISO 11439: Gas cylinders — High-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles [28] ISO 15500-5: Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 5: Manual cylinder valve [29] [30] US DOT CFR Title 49, part 178, Subpart C — Specification for Cylinders [31]
weight % carbon 61.2 weight % hydrogen 4.3 weight % oxygen: 7.4 weight % sulfur 3.9 weight % nitrogen 1.2 weight % ash: 12.0 weight % moisture: 10.0 Combustion air: Excess combustion air, % 12 15 20 Wet exhaust flue gas: Amount of wet exhaust gas, m 3 /GJ of fuel 294.8 303.1 323.1 Amount of wet exhaust gas, scf/10 6 Btu of fuel 11,600 11,930 12,714
Air-fuel ratio is the ratio between the mass of air and the mass of fuel in the air-fuel mix at any given moment. The mass is the mass of all constituents that compose the air or fuel, whether they take part in the combustion or not. For example, a calculation of the mass of natural gas as fuel — which often contains carbon dioxide (CO 2 ...
With a fuel fraction of nearly 85%, the GlobalFlyer could carry 5 times its weight in fuel.. In aerospace engineering, an aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, [1] or a spacecraft's propellant fraction, is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the craft (including propellant): [2]
For fuel tank passivation, it is not necessary to remove all oxygen, but rather enough to stay below the lean flammability limit and the lean explosion limit. In contrast to the oxygen concentration of 21% in air, 10% to 12% in the ullage of a passivated fuel tank is common over the course of a flight.