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The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. [1] These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges . [ 1 ]
The carpometacarpal joint connects the carpal bones to the metacarpus or metacarpal bones which are joined at the intermetacarpal articulations. In the fingers, finally, are the metacarpophalangeal joints (including the knuckles) between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges or finger bones which are interconnected by the interphalangeal joints
Examples include: [2] the wrist-joint; metacarpophalangeal joints; metatarsophalangeal joints; atlanto-occipital joints; These are also called ellipsoid joints. The oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of the other bone. These joints allow biaxial movements [3] — i.e., forward and backward, or from side to side, but ...
During their lifetime, 2.5% of individuals will experience at least one metacarpal fracture. Bennett's fracture (base of the thumb) is the most common. [ 4 ] Several types of treatment exist ranging from non-operative techniques, with or without immobilization, to operative techniques using closed or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) .
An example of a biaxial joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand. [2] The joint allows for movement along one axis to produce bending or straightening of the finger, and movement along a second axis, which allows for spreading of the fingers away from each other and bringing them together.
Anatomically, it is said that the knuckles consist of the metacarpophalangeal [1] (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints of the finger. The knuckles at the base of the fingers may be referred to as the 1st [1] or major knuckles while the knuckles at the midfinger are known as the 2nd [2] and 3rd, or minor, knuckles.
In human anatomy, the radial (RCL) and ulnar (UCL) collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) of the hand are the primary stabilisers of the MCP joints. [1] A collateral ligament flanks each MCP joint - one on either side. Each attaches proximally at the head of the metacarpal bone, and distally at the base of the phalynx.
[2] Flexion of the proximal phalanx is facilitated by the shape of the proximal edge, known as the volar recess, [5] but this diaphanous end of the volar plate is also the part of the metacarpophalangeal joint that is most susceptible to injury during dislocations. [6]