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Skull of a wild water buffalo in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. The wild water buffalo has an ash-gray to black skin. The moderately long, coarse and sparse hair is directed forward from the haunches to the long and narrow head. There is a tuft on the forehead, and the ears are comparatively small.
Bubalus skull Kidney of a Bubalus. Smith described Bubalus as low in proportion to the bulk with very solid limbs, a small dewlap and a long, slender tail; the head is large with a strong convex-shaped narrow forehead, large eyes and funnel-shaped ears; horns are lying flat or bending laterally with a certain direction to the rear; the female udder has four mammae. [5]
The lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) is a species of buffalo endemic to Sulawesi. Its closest relative is the mountain anoa, and it is still a debate as to whether the two are the same species or not. [3] It is also related to the water buffalo, and both are classified in the genus Bubalus.
The anoa have many physical characteristics of bovine relatives and are considered to be most closely related to the water buffalo, which was confirmed through DNA analysis. [5] The physical characteristics of the two species are similar. The anoa is the smallest of the wild cattle species.
Bubalina is a subtribe of wild cattle that includes the various species of true buffalo. Species include the African buffalo , the anoas , and the wild water buffalo (including the domesticated variant water buffalo ).
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The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) most probably represents the ancestor of the domestic water buffalo. [3] Results of a phylogenetic study indicate that the river-type water buffalo probably originated in western India and was domesticated about 6,300 years ago, whereas the swamp-type originated independently from Mainland Southeast Asia ...
In American English, both buffalo and bison are considered correct terms for the American bison. [16] However, in British English, the word buffalo is reserved for the African buffalo and water buffalo and not used for the bison. [17] In English usage, the term buffalo was used to refer to the American mammal as early as 1625. [18]