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Powers of 2 appear in set theory, since a set with n members has a power set, the set of all of its subsets, which has 2 n members. Integer powers of 2 are important in computer science. The positive integer powers 2 n give the number of possible values for an n-bit integer binary number; for example, a byte may take 2 8 = 256 different values.
The only known powers of 2 with all digits even are 2^1 = 2, 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8, 2^6 = 64 and 2^11 = 2048. [12] The first 3 powers of 2 with all but last digit odd is 2^4 = 16, 2^5 = 32 and 2^9 = 512. The next such power of 2 of form 2^n should have n of at least 6 digits.
This equivalence can be extended to the negative real numbers by noting () (+) = and taking the limit as n goes to infinity. Characterization 1 ⇔ characterization 3 [ edit ]
For n equal to 2 this is called the principal square root and the n is omitted. The nth root can also be represented using exponentiation as x 1/n. For even values of n, positive numbers also have a negative nth root, while negative numbers do not have a real nth root. For odd values of n, every negative number x has a real negative nth root.
In this usage, infinity is a mathematical concept, and infinite mathematical objects can be studied, manipulated, and used just like any other mathematical object. The mathematical concept of infinity refines and extends the old philosophical concept, in particular by introducing infinitely many different sizes of infinite sets.
Euler's identity therefore states that the limit, as n approaches infinity, of (+ /) is equal to −1. This limit is illustrated in the animation to the right. Euler's formula for a general angle. Euler's identity is a special case of Euler's formula, which states that for any real number x,
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On the other hand, the function / cannot be continuously extended, because the function approaches as approaches 0 from below, and + as approaches 0 from above, i.e., the function not converging to the same value as its independent variable approaching to the same domain element from both the positive and negative value sides.