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Pitch pine is rapid-growing when young, gaining around one foot of height per year under optimal conditions, until growth slows at 50–60 years. By 90 years of age, the amount of annual height gain is minimal. Open-growth trees begin bearing cones in as little as three years, with shade-inhabiting pines taking a few years longer.
The mean annual increment (MAI) or mean annual growth refers to the average growth per year a tree or stand of trees has exhibited/experienced up to a specified age. For example, a 20-year-old tree that has a stem volume of 0.2 m 3 has an MAI of 0.01 m 3 /year.
Old growth longleaf pine stand, scorched by fire (top); longleaf pine stand after timber removal (bottom) Before European settlement, longleaf pine forest dominated as much as 90,000,000 acres (360,000 km 2) stretching from Virginia south to Florida and west to East Texas. Its range was defined by the frequent widespread fires that were lit by ...
This variable indicates the rate of biomass increase per unit leaf area, with typical values ranging from 5-15 g.m −2.day −1 for herbaceous species and 1-5 g.m −2.day −1 for woody seedlings. Although the ULR is not equal to the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, both values are often well correlated. [7] [8]
It grows at an average of 2 feet per year. [15] The tallest loblolly pine currently known, which is 51.4 m (169 ft) tall, and the largest, which measures 42 cubic meters (1,500 cubic feet) in volume, are in Congaree National Park .
Map of wood-filled areas in the United States, c. 2000 [1]. In the United States, the forest cover by state and territory is estimated from tree-attributes using the basic statistics reported by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Forest Service. [2]
Throughout the Appalachian Mountain range, P. pungens is a component of conifer-dominated communities along combination with other pine species. [10] The three tallest known Pinus pungens are in Paris Mountain State Park , South Carolina; they are 26.85 to 29.96 metres (88 ft 1 in to 98 ft 4 in) tall.
Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it. That is an easy way to tell it apart from the similar lodgepole pine in more western areas of North America. The cones on many mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat, greater than or equal to 50 °C (122 °F). [16]