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Ethiopia is a mostly agrarian rural country [1]: 135 with only its capital, Addis Ababa, having over 1 million people.However the urban population of Ethiopia has expanded dramatically, from 10.8 million in 2002 to 28 million in 2022, [2] a growth of 160%, which has resulted in the urban population as a percentage of the total population growing from 15% to 23% over the same time period. [2]
As of 2022, Addis Ababa generates 29% of Ethiopia's urban GDP and 20% of national urban development. Over the last two decades, the city saw rapid socioeconomic changes and physical transformation marked by development-oriented government and the private sector. However, the city has experienced infrastructure, transport, services, youth ...
Rural-urban migration are leading factor on spreading urban crimes especially in Addis Ababa. It includes theft, smuggling and robbery. It includes theft, smuggling and robbery. It also affects housing, infrastructure, medical service, public schools and traffic policies as well as for social welfare.
In 1985 the government initiated a new relocation program known as villagization. The objectives of the program, which grouped scattered farming communities throughout the country into small village clusters, were to promote rational land use; conserve resources; provide access to clean water and to health and education services; and strengthen security.
The government began offering land free of charge to governmental employees that did not possess any houses previously. Political unrest, insecurity of urban life due to political conflicts and nationalization forge huge instability to build house for rental and immigration control over cities or towns through registration of people's movements.
In 2011, Addis Ababa and the Oromia Special Zone established a joint project on common urban development issues, led by Kuma Demeksa. The Ethiopian government, at the time led by the TPLF, met with other stakeholders in Adama in June 2013. They voiced their support for the project, claiming it was in Ethiopia's interest.
Sheger City (Amharic: ሸገር ከተማ, Oromo: Magaalaa Shaggar) is a proposed model of urban development established on 22 October 2022 that centers around the city Addis Ababa to provide influence and economic benefit for other satellite cities. The administration contains 12 sub-cities, 36 districts and 40 rural kebeles with its seat ...
Current urban housing stocks needs urge steps – both support the resident well-being and create sustainable cities. About 70% of housing units are requiring total replacement whereas 30% is in fair condition. 20–27% are in adequate sanitation and 19.4% in rural areas at national level. 43% of household use pit latrines without slab or open pit and 38% have not obtain toilet facility.