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The influence can go deeper, extending to the exchange of even basic characteristics of a language such as morphology and grammar.. Newar, for example, spoken in Nepal, is a Sino-Tibetan language distantly related to Chinese but has had so many centuries of contact with neighbouring Indo-Iranian languages that it has even developed noun inflection, a trait that is typical of the Indo-European ...
The sixth volume includes the English Dialect Grammar, which was also published separately. [9] This includes 16,000 dialectal forms across two main sections: 'Phonology', which gives a historical description of the development of sounds in dialect; and 'Accidence', which gave details on grammar and especially on morphology.
The AP English Language and Composition exam is typically administered on a Tuesday morning in the second week of May. The exam consists of two sections: a one-hour multiple-choice section, and a two-hour fifteen-minute free-response section. [2]
In the Language Survey Reference Guide issued by SIL International, who produce Ethnologue, a dialect cluster is defined as a central variety together with a collection of varieties whose speakers can understand the central variety at a specified threshold level (usually between 70% and 85%) or higher. It is not required that peripheral ...
Dialect levelling (or leveling in American English) is an overall reduction in the variation or diversity of a dialect's features when in contact with one or more other dialects. [1] This can come about through assimilation , mixture, and merging of certain dialects , often amidst a process of language codification , which can be a precursor to ...
Advanced Placement (AP) International English Language (also known as APIEL) is an AP Examinations course managed by Educational Testing Service (ETS) with the sponsorship of the College Board in New York. [1] It is designed for non-native speakers to prepare for studying in an English-speaking university, particularly in North America.
Subdialect (from Latin sub-, "under", and Ancient Greek διάλεκτος, diálektos, "discourse") is a linguistic term designating a dialectological category between the levels of dialect and idiolect. Subdialects are basic subdivisions of a dialect. [1] Subdialects can be divided further, ultimately down to idiolects.
Dialectology (from Greek διάλεκτος, dialektos, "talk, dialect"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages.Though in the 19th century a branch of historical linguistics, dialectology is often now considered a sub-field of, or subsumed by, sociolinguistics. [1]