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Fullerenes had been predicted for some time, but only after their accidental synthesis in 1985 were they detected in nature [3] [4] and outer space. [5] [6] The discovery of fullerenes greatly expanded the number of known allotropes of carbon, which had previously been limited to graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon such as soot and charcoal.
Fullerene chemistry is a field of organic chemistry devoted to the chemical properties of fullerenes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Research in this field is driven by the need to functionalize fullerenes and tune their properties.
C 70 fullerene is the fullerene molecule consisting of 70 carbon atoms. It is a cage-like fused-ring structure which resembles a rugby ball, made of 25 hexagons and 12 pentagons , with a carbon atom at the vertices of each polygon and a bond along each polygon edge.
Fullerene is a relatively new substance in chemistry sciences. Buckminsterfullerene itself was discovered in 1985 [1] and the first fullerene-containing polymers were reported at least 6 [2] years later. The main milestones in the use of fullerene in polymer chemistry are listed below: 1992 – Synthesis of organometallic C 60 polymer (C 60 Pd ...
The method was simple and efficient to prepare the material in gram amounts per day (1990) which has boosted the fullerene research and is even today applied for the commercial production of fullerenes. The discovery of practical routes to C 60 led to the exploration of a new field of chemistry involving the study of fullerenes.
Fullerene whiskers and tubes are held together by weak van der Waals forces, and hence are very soft. [1] They can be grown by precipitation at an interface between two liquids. They are semiconductors and have potential uses in field-effect transistors , solar cells , chemical sensors, and photocatalysts .
Alternatively, endohedral hydrogen fullerenes can be produced by opening and closing a fullerene by organic chemistry methods. A recent example of endohedral fullerenes includes single molecules of water encapsulated in C 60. [10] Noble gas endofullerenes are predicted to exhibit unusual polarizability.
Heterofullerenes are classes of fullerenes, at least one carbon atom is replaced by another element. [1] [2] Based on spectroscopy, ...