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The magnitude of this torque can be calculated as the product of the lateral force generated at the contact patch and the distance behind the wheel centre at which that force acts. This distance is known as the pneumatic trail. The steering torque around a non-vertical steer axis with non-zero mechanical trail is given by:
Tires with large unbalances are downgraded or rejected. When tires are fitted to wheels at the point of sale, they are measured again on a balancing machine, and correction weights are applied to counteract their combined unbalance. Tires may be rebalanced if driver perceives excessive vibration. Tire balancing is distinct from wheel alignment.
1956 Nash four-door sedan with factory color-matched Continental tire mount. A continental tire or a continental kit is the common U.S. term for an upright externally-mounted spare tire behind an automobile's trunk. These were available as factory-installed or aftermarket "kits" with full-sized spare wheels.
Continental AG global operations Continental tires on a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Continental was founded in 1871 as a rubber manufacturer, Continental- Caoutchouc und Gutta-Percha Compagnie . [ 10 ] In 1898, Continental began development and production of the vehicle tires with plain tread, which was a major success for the brand.
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters. [1] The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η ...
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Wheel alignment, which is sometimes referred to as breaking or tracking, is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of wheels to the car manufacturer specifications. [1] The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without "pulling" to one ...
A major part of the torque is due to friction, so the differences in friction can cause large variations of the preload with the same torque setting; [3] angle-controlled tightening (also known as turn-of-the-nut method) is a technique where the bolt joint is rotated to some angle that ensures the stress beyond the yield limit of the parts ...