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Drug-testing a blood sample measures whether or not a drug or a metabolite is in the body at a particular time. These types of tests are considered to be the most accurate way of telling if a person is intoxicated. Blood drug tests are not used very often because they need specialized equipment and medically trained administrators.
The above photo shows the positive results of the number 2 Marquis reagent presumptive drug test when used with a sample of opium. It is the primary presumptive test used in Ecstasy reagent testing kits. It can also be used to test for such substances as opiates (e.g. codeine, heroin), and phenethylamines (e.g. 2C-B, mescaline).
Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances. With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" [1] may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider variety of techniques covered by drug checking.
Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine. [1] It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in the sample competes with a drug/metabolite labelled with an enzyme, to bind to an antibody. The ...
The reagent is typically provided in two parts: [2] [1] [3] A mixture of 2% sodium nitroprusside and 2% acetaldehyde in water (solution A) [4]; A solution of 2% sodium carbonate in water (solution B) [4]
The Mandelin reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of ammonium metavanadate and concentrated sulfuric acid.
A 2000 study by the US NIST [6] examined 12 chemical spot tests and concluded that all the tests examined "may indicate a specific drug or class of drugs is in the sample, but the tests are not always specific for a single drug or [class]". The study also noted that "mace, nutmeg and tea reacted with the modified Duquenois–Levine [test]".
While urine is commonly used for qualitative analysis, it does not provide indications of impairment since the presence of drugs in urine merely signifies prior exposure. [10] The duration of drug detection in urine varies; for instance, alcohol is detectable for 7–12 hours, cocaine metabolites for 2–4 days, and morphine for 48–74 hours.