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The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906: Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission (PDF). Vol. I. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Lynch, David K. (2006). Field Guide to the San Andreas Fault: See and Touch the World's Most Famous Fault on any one of Twelve Easy Day Trips. Thule Scientific. ISBN 978-0-9779935-0-5. Full ...
The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 a.m. (Pacific time) on January 9 in central and Southern California.One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, [6] with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9, it ruptured the southern part of the San Andreas Fault for a length of about 225 miles (350 km), between Parkfield and Wrightwood.
[1] [4] It affected approximately 100 km (62 miles) of the fault, from the San Francisco Peninsula to the Santa Cruz Mountains. [1] It was a strong earthquake, with an estimated moment magnitude of 6.8 to 7.2, [1] making it one of the largest known earthquakes in California.
There is a 70% probability that one of these faults will generate a 6.7 M w or greater earthquake before 2030, including the Hayward Fault Zone, which has gone beyond its average return period of 130 years (156 years ago as of January 2025).
The last big earthquake in this area on the San Andreas caused one part of the fault to move past the other by 12 to 14 feet, making it a likely magnitude 7.3 or 7.4 earthquake.
The irrigation systems in the Imperial Valley were badly affected, but no deaths occurred. It was the largest earthquake to occur in the contiguous United States since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake eight years earlier. The earthquake was 6.5 on the M w scale, with a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale.
The probability of a serious earthquake on various faults has been estimated in the 2008 Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. According to the United States Geological Survey, Southern California experiences nearly 10,000 earthquakes every year. [3] Details on specific faults can be found in the USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database.
Measuring M w 6.7, it was the largest earthquake recorded in the Los Angeles area since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake (M w 6.7). However, unlike the Northridge earthquake, the San Fernando shock occurred on a north–northeast dipping thrust fault beneath the San Gabriel Mountains.