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The Monroe–Kellie doctrine states that the skull is a fixed and inelastic space and the accumulation of edema will compress vital brain tissue and blood vessels. [8] [38] Surgical treatment of cerebral edema in the context of cerebellar or cerebral infarction is typically done by removing part of the skull to allow expansion of the dura. [38]
This treatment is specifically used to address neurological symptoms and can reverse these symptoms if taken early enough. Biotin and thiamine oral therapy must continue throughout the entirety of the individual's life. [5] Other symptomatic treatments include anti-seizure medication to treat seizures and trihexyphenidyl or L-dopa to treat ...
Symptoms of a brainstem stroke frequently include sudden vertigo and ataxia, with or without weakness. Brainstem stroke can also cause diplopia, slurred speech and decreased level of consciousness. A more serious outcome is locked-in syndrome. [citation needed]
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.
The diagnosis is usually made by a brain scan , in which areas of swelling can be identified. The treatment for PRES is supportive: removal of the cause or causes and treatment of any of the complications, such as anticonvulsants for seizures. PRES may be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage, but this is relatively rare. The majority of ...
The diagnosis is based on symptoms and a high opening pressure found during a lumbar puncture with no specific cause found on a brain scan. [1] [2] Treatment includes a healthy diet, salt restriction, and exercise. [2] The medication acetazolamide may also be used along with the above measures. [2]
The symptoms depend on the cause of the blockage, the person's age, and how much brain tissue has been damaged by the swelling. [11] In infants with hydrocephalus, CSF builds up in the central nervous system (CNS), causing the fontanelle (soft spot) to bulge and the head to be larger than expected. Early symptoms may also include: [11]
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [ 1 ] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [ 2 ]