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The location map of the Dharwar Craton. The shaded area represents the Dharwar Craton. Generated from GeoMapApp (Ryan et al., 2009). [1]The Dharwar Craton is an Archean continental crust craton formed between 3.6-2.5 billion years ago (), which is located in southern India and considered the oldest part of the Indian peninsula.
A craton is an ancient part of the Earth's continental crust which has been more or less stable since Precambrian times. Cratons whose ancient rocks are widely exposed at the surface, often with relatively subdued relief, are known as shields.
A craton (/ ˈ k r eɪ t ɒ n / KRAYT-on, / ˈ k r æ t ɒ n / KRAT-on, or / ˈ k r eɪ t ən / KRAY-tən; [1] [2] [3] from Ancient Greek: κράτος kratos "strength") is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle.
Map of prominent mountain ranges in India, showing Aravalli in north-west India. The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is believed to be the oldest range of fold mountains in India. [10] The natural history of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when the Indian Plate was separated from the Eurasian Plate by an ocean.
The collision between the Bundelkhand craton and the Marwar craton is believed to be the primary mechanism for the development of the mountain range. [1] The precise evolutionary processes responsible for the Aravalli Mountain Range remains controversial today, and there are diverse theories put forward for the tectonic history.
India's territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline. [7] India has the 18th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,305,143 km 2 (890,021 sq mi). The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range, where the country borders China, Bhutan, and ...
Due to continental drift, the India Plate split from Madagascar and collided with the Eurasian Plate resulting in the formation of the Himalayas.. The earliest phase of tectonic evolution was marked by the cooling and solidification of the upper crust of the earth's surface in the Archaean Era (prior to 2.5 billion years) which is represented by the exposure of gneisses and granites especially ...
The second stage of collision occurred after the oceanic crust of the Great India Basin had been consumed, where the major Indian craton finally came into contact and collided with the Asian continental margin (including the previously "merged" microcontinent, which was interpreted to be the modern Tibetan Plateau) at 25–20 Ma. [9]