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Some skates and rays have crescent shaped pupils, [16] gecko pupils range from circular, to a slit, to a series of pinholes, [17] and the cuttlefish pupil is a smoothly curving W shape. Although human pupils are normally circular, abnormalities like colobomas can result in unusual pupil shapes, such as teardrop, keyhole or oval pupil shapes.
Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being pethidine); Products containing nicotine such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco or gum ...
The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented fibrovascular layer known as a stroma and, behind the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells.. The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds.
When pupils are dilated, it means that they grow larger in size. This can happen for a number of different reasons, including drug use and arousal. 7 reasons why your pupils may be dilated, from ...
It should also be noted that dilated pupils are a response to sexual arousal and stimuli. [111] In the Renaissance, women used the juice of the berries of the belladonna plant in eyedrops to dilate the pupils and make the eyes appear more seductive.
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease, trauma, or the use of certain types of drug.
In this condition, the difference between pupils is usually less than 1 mm. [4] Horner's syndrome; Mechanical anisocoria: Occasionally previous trauma, eye surgery, or inflammation (uveitis, angle closure glaucoma) can lead to adhesions between the iris and the lens.
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