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The spacing effect demonstrates that learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out. This effect shows that more information is encoded into long-term memory by spaced study sessions, also known as spaced repetition or spaced presentation, than by massed presentation ("cramming").
In free recall and serial recall, the modality effect is seen as simply an exaggerated recency effect in tests where presentation is auditory. In short-term sentence recall studies, emphasis is placed on words in a distractor-word list when requesting information from the remembered sentence.
Distributed practice is the most efficient method of procedural learning [citation needed]. By equally distributing the amount of practice of a given activity over a period of time, you will increase the efficiency of learning that skill.
Studies have also been done to address the best method for recalling lists of unrelated words. In contrast to free recall, another type of study is known as the serial recall paradigm, where participants are asked to recall the presented items in their correct order rather than the order that comes to mind at the time of testing, randomly.
A modality effect is present in chunking. That is, the mechanism used to convey the list of items to the individual affects how much "chunking" occurs. Experimentally, it has been found that auditory presentation results in a larger amount of grouping in the responses of individuals than visual presentation does. Previous literature, such as George Miller's The Magical Number Seven, Plus or ...
A flight attendant has reportedly been injured after falling from a plane at an airport in England. On Monday, Dec. 16, at approximately 4:30 p.m. local time, the woman — who works for the ...
Minnie Driver is getting candid about her recent makeup-free selfies.. The Serpent Queen actress, 54, unveiled a couple of bare-faced selfies and opened up about why she usually never goes ...
In Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, vol. ii., a presentation is an object in the special form under which it is cognized at any given moment of perceptual or ideational process. This, the widest definition of the term, due largely to Professor James Ward, thus includes both perceptual and ideational processes. The term has ...