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Anthracite is the most metamorphosed type of coal, but still represents low-grade metamorphism, [a] in which the carbon content is between 86% and 97%. [1] [5] [6] The term is applied to those varieties of coal which do not give off tarry or other hydrocarbon vapours when heated below their point of ignition. [7]
Metallurgical coal is low in ash, moisture, sulfur and phosphorus content, and its rank is usually bituminous.Some grades of anthracite coal are used for sintering, pulverized coal injection, direct blast furnace charge, pelletizing, and in production of ferro-alloys, silicon-manganese, calcium-carbide and silicon-carbide.
Bituminous coal is a particular rank of coal, as determined by the amount and type of carbon present in the coal and the amount of energy it can produce when burned. [2] It is higher in rank than sub-bituminous coal but lower in rank than anthracite. [3] Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank of coal. [3] [2]
Coal comes in four main types or ranks: lignite or brown coal, bituminous coal or black coal, anthracite and graphite.Each type of coal has a certain set of physical parameters which are mostly controlled by moisture, volatile content (in terms of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons) and carbon content.
A grade between bituminous coal and anthracite was once known as "steam coal" as it was widely used as a fuel for steam locomotives. In this specialized use, it is sometimes known as "sea coal" in the United States. [72] Small "steam coal", also called dry small steam nuts (DSSN), was used as a fuel for domestic water heating.
The chief difference between these classes is the amount of calcium, silica, alumina, and iron content in the ash. The chemical properties of the fly ash are largely influenced by the chemical content of the coal burned (i.e., anthracite, bituminous, and lignite). [11]
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Coal types include anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, and peat. Coal from fields differ in ash and moisture content, energy value, volatile elements, sulphur content, and other properties. Anthracite and bituminous coal are of relatively high value compared to lignite and peat, which have lower energy and higher moisture content.
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