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IM 67118, also known as Db 2-146, is an Old Babylonian clay tablet in the collection of the Iraq Museum that contains the solution to a problem in plane geometry concerning a rectangle with given area and diagonal. In the last part of the text, the solution is proved correct using the Pythagorean theorem. The steps of the solution are believed ...
The area K of an orthodiagonal quadrilateral equals one half the product of the lengths of the diagonals p and q: [7] K = p q 2 . {\displaystyle K={\frac {pq}{2}}.} Conversely, any convex quadrilateral where the area can be calculated with this formula must be orthodiagonal. [ 5 ]
Euler's quadrilateral theorem or Euler's law on quadrilaterals, named after Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), describes a relation between the sides of a convex quadrilateral and its diagonals. It is a generalisation of the parallelogram law which in turn can be seen as generalisation of the Pythagorean theorem .
The only other quadrilateral with such a property is that of a three by six rectangle. In classical times, the second power was described in terms of the area of a square, as in the above formula. This led to the use of the term square to mean raising to the second power. The area can also be calculated using the diagonal d according to
The diagonal formula can refer to: some geometric method see Polygon entry;
More generally, if the quadrilateral is a rectangle with sides a and b and diagonal d then Ptolemy's theorem reduces to the Pythagorean theorem. In this case the center of the circle coincides with the point of intersection of the diagonals. The product of the diagonals is then d 2, the right hand side of Ptolemy's relation is the sum a 2 + b 2.
This reduces to Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral—when A + C = 180°. Another area formula in terms of the sides and angles, with angle C being between sides b and c, and A being between sides a and d, is = + .
The area of a triangle is half the area of any parallelogram on the same base and having the same altitude. The area of a rectangle is equal to the product of two adjacent sides. The area of a square is equal to the product of two of its sides (follows from 3).
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