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Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); [7] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [8] Many cases have few or no symptoms, especially in the young. [ 1 ] The time between infection and symptoms, in those who develop them, is two–six weeks. [ 2 ]
[2] [3] It is effective in around 95% of cases and lasts for at least twenty years and possibly a person's entire life. [4] If given, two doses are recommended beginning after the age of one. [2] It is given by injection into a muscle. [2] The first hepatitis A vaccine was approved in the European Union in 1991, and the United States in 1995. [5]
Viral hepatitis is primarily diagnosed through blood tests for levels of viral antigens (such as the hepatitis B surface or core antigen), anti-viral antibodies (such as the anti-hepatitis B surface antibody or anti-hepatitis A antibody), or viral DNA/RNA. [17] [32] In early infection (i.e. within 1 week), IgM antibodies are found in the blood ...
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination. Effective treatments for hepatitis C are available but costly. [6] In 2013, about 1.5 million people died from viral hepatitis, most commonly due to hepatitis B and C. [6] East Asia, in particular Mongolia, is the region most affected. [6]
Combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, is used to provide protection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. [3] [7] It is given by injection into muscle.[8]It is used in areas where hepatitis A and B are endemic, for travelers, people with hepatitis C or chronic liver disease, and those at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
Liver cancer can be primary in which the cancer starts in the liver, or it can be liver metastasis, or secondary, in which the cancer spreads from elsewhere in the body to the liver. Liver metastasis is the more common of the two liver cancers. [3] Instances of liver cancer are increasing globally. [8] [9]
Alcoholic hepatitis occurs in approximately 1/3 of chronic alcohol drinkers. [9] 10-20% of patients with alcoholic hepatitis progress to alcoholic liver cirrhosis every year. [10] Patients with liver cirrhosis develop liver cancer at a rate of 1.5% per year. [11]
Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccine is a combination vaccine to protect against the infectious diseases hepatitis A and typhoid. It is a combination of inactivated Hepatitis A virus and Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi bacteria.