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Biliary reflux, also called bile reflux, duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) or duodenogastric reflux, is a condition that occurs when bile and/or other contents like bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes flow upward (refluxes) from the duodenum into the stomach and esophagus.
Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
Normally, the downstream gallbladder stores and concentrates the bile which originates in liver hepatocyte cells and is released into the microscopic component of the biliary system by the liver. Through aggregating tubules of increasing diameter, the bile leaves the liver and reaches the upstream (proximal) component of the common bile duct.
The pH of common duct bile (7.50 to 8.05) is higher than that of the corresponding gallbladder bile (6.80 to 7.65). Bile in the gallbladder becomes more acidic the longer a person goes without eating, though resting slows this fall in pH. [12]
Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts are commonly diet-related, and may include the formation of gallstones that impact in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis) or in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis). [5]: 977–978 Gallstones are a common cause of inflammation of the gallbladder, called cholecystitis.
Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [ 1 ]
But some research has noted rare but serious side effects of once-weekly, 2.4-milligram (mg) semaglutide injections, such as pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallbladder issues, and thyroid cancer.
Symptoms of esophageal strictures include heartburn, bitter or acid taste in the mouth, choking, coughing, shortness of breath, frequent burping or hiccups, pain or trouble swallowing, throwing up blood, or weight loss.