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From the time of Peter the Great, forms of address in the Russian Empire had been well-codified, determined by a person’s title of honor, as well as military or civil rank (see Table of Ranks) and ecclesiastical order.
His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery or H.I.M. Own Chancellery (Russian: Собственная Его Императорского Величества канцелярия, Собственная Е.И.В. канцелярия) began as personal chancellery of Paul I and grew into a kind of regent's office, run by Count Arakcheyev from 1815 and until the death of Alexander I of Russia.
Вы ("Vy") is the plural of both forms to address a pair or group. Historically, it comes from German, under Peter the Great, which uses du and Sie similarly. [citation needed] Other than the use of patronymics, Russian forms of address in Russian are very similar to English ones.
[238] [note 33] Paul was the first tsar "for many generations" to legislate in favor of serfs, and this became a blueprint for his successors; after his reign, "whereas all rulers before Paul aided in intensifying the bondage of the serfs, each one thereafter made serious efforts" to help them. [240]
On 8 January 1801, Tsar Paul I signed a decree on the incorporation of Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) within the Russian Empire, [37] [38] which was confirmed by Tsar Alexander I on 12 September 1801. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] The Georgian envoy in Saint Petersburg, Garsevan Chavchavadze , reacted with a note of protest that was presented to the Russian vice ...
Paul I abolished Peter the Great's law that allowed each reigning emperor or empress to designate his or her successor and substituted a strict order of succession by proclaiming that the eldest son of the monarch would inherit the throne, followed by other dynasts according to primogeniture in the male line. [1] Paul thus implemented a semi ...
Paul I attempted to forge a Russo–Prussian alliance in late 1799 and 1800 to punish Austria, [18] and by January 1801 his relations with Britain had also worsened so much that he was on the brink of invading British India with 22,000 Don Cossacks. [3] This plan did not materialise because tsar Paul I of Russia was assassinated in March 1801. [3]
Ninety percent of the serfs who got larger plots lived in the eight ex-Polish provinces where the Tsar wanted to weaken the Szlachta. The other 10% lived in Astrakhan and in the barren north. [30] In the whole Empire, peasant land declined 4.1% - 13.3% outside the ex-Polish zone and 23.3% in the 16 black-earth provinces. [31]