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  2. Kinetic energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy

    The mathematical by-product of this calculation is the massenergy equivalence formula, that mass and energy are essentially the same thing: [14]: 51 [15]: 121 = = At a low speed (v ≪ c), the relativistic kinetic energy is approximated well by the classical kinetic energy.

  3. Mass–energy equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massenergy_equivalence

    Each of these particles has a kinetic energy of mc 2 up to a small numerical factor. The nonrelativistic kinetic energy formula did not always include the traditional factor of ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, since German polymath Gottfried Leibniz introduced kinetic energy without it, and the ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ is largely conventional in prerelativistic physics. [53]

  4. Specific kinetic energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_kinetic_energy

    The specific kinetic energy of a system is a crucial parameter in understanding its dynamic behavior and plays a key role in various scientific and engineering applications. Specific kinetic energy is an intensive property, whereas kinetic energy and mass are extensive properties. The SI unit for specific kinetic energy is the joule per ...

  5. Energy–momentum relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy–momentum_relation

    Total energy is the sum of rest energy = and relativistic kinetic energy: = = + Invariant mass is mass measured in a center-of-momentum frame. For bodies or systems with zero momentum, it simplifies to the massenergy equation E 0 = m 0 c 2 {\displaystyle E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}} , where total energy in this case is equal to rest energy.

  6. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

    Without friction to dissipate a body's energy into heat, the body's energy will trade between potential and (non-thermal) kinetic forms while the total amount remains constant. Any gain of kinetic energy, which occurs when the net force on the body accelerates it to a higher speed, must be accompanied by a loss of potential energy.

  7. Kinetic theory of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theory_of_gases

    Thus, the ratio of the kinetic energy to the absolute temperature of an ideal monatomic gas can be calculated easily: per mole: 12.47 J/K; per molecule: 20.7 yJ/K = 129 μeV/K; At standard temperature (273.15 K), the kinetic energy can also be obtained: per mole: 3406 J; per molecule: 5.65 zJ = 35.2 meV.

  8. König's theorem (kinetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/König's_theorem_(kinetics)

    The second part expresses the kinetic energy of a system of particles in terms of the velocities of the individual particles and the centre of mass.. Specifically, it states that the kinetic energy of a system of particles is the sum of the kinetic energy associated to the movement of the center of mass and the kinetic energy associated to the movement of the particles relative to the center ...

  9. Table of thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_thermodynamic...

    Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K⋅m −1: ΘL −1: Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer