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This file is a work of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government , the file is in the public domain .
An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the epidemic in November 2016, but noted that the virus still represents "a highly significant and long term problem". [2]
Spread of the Zika virus [1] [2] [3]. This article primarily covers the chronology of the 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic.Flag icons denote the first announcements of confirmed cases by the respective nation-states, their first deaths (and other events such as their first reported cases of microcephaly and major public health announcements), and relevant sessions and announcements of the World ...
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. [80] Around 80% of cases are estimated to be asymptomatic, though the accuracy of this figure is hindered by the wide variance in data quality, and figures from different outbreaks can vary significantly. [ 81 ]
Though Zika virus has been shown to infect human Schwann cells. [23] Several countries affected by Zika outbreaks have reported increases in the rate of new cases of GBS. During the 2013–2014 outbreak in French Polynesia there were 42 reported cases of GBS over a 3-month period, compared to between 3 and 10 annually prior to the outbreak. [24]
A Zika virus infection might be suspected if symptoms are present and an individual has traveled to an area with known Zika virus transmission. [29] Zika virus can only be confirmed by a laboratory test of body fluids, such as urine or saliva, or by blood test.
When investigating disease outbreaks, the epidemiology profession has developed a number of widely accepted steps. As described by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, these include the following: [2] Identify the existence of the outbreak (Is the group of ill persons normal for the time of year, geographic area, etc.?)
A public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC / f eɪ k / FAYK) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response", formulated when a situation arises that is ...