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  2. Cis–trans isomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistrans_isomerism

    Another example of this is the relationship between oleic acid and elaidic acid; oleic acid, the cis isomer, has a melting point of 13.4 °C, making it a liquid at room temperature, while the trans isomer, elaidic acid, has the much higher melting point of 43 °C, due to the straighter trans isomer being able to pack more tightly, and is solid ...

  3. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cistrans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]

  4. Descriptor (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptor_(Chemistry)

    See: cistrans isomerism. cis (left) and trans (right) configured double bond in maleic acid and fumaric acid. cis (left) and trans (right) isomerism in a ring system. The descriptors cis (lat. on this side of) [2] and trans (lat. over, beyond) [3] are used in various contexts for the description of chemical configurations: [4] [5]

  5. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. [1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.

  6. Stereochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereochemistry

    Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, studies the spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. [1] The study of stereochemistry focuses on the relationships between stereoisomers, which are defined as having the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution) but differing in the geometric positioning of the atoms in space.

  7. E–Z notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E–Z_notation

    E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry.It is an extension of cistrans isomer notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents.

  8. (1R,3R)-1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(1R,3R)-1,2,3-trimethylcyc...

    The methyl groups off carbons 1 and 3 are trans with respect to each other, while the methyl group off carbon 2 has undefined stereochemistry, allowing it to be either cis or trans with respect to methyl 1 or 3. [2] Each carbon atom within the cyclopentane ring is sp 3 hybridized with the theoretical C-C-C bond angles near 108 degrees.

  9. Aconitic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconitic_acid

    The two isomers are cis-aconitic acid and trans-aconitic acid. The conjugate base of cis-aconitic acid, cis-aconitate is an intermediate in the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by the enzyme aconitase. Aconitic acid can be synthesized by dehydration of citric acid using sulfuric acid: [4]