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SAE 316 and SAE 316L stainless steel, also referred to as marine grade stainless, is a chromium, nickel, molybdenum alloy of steel that exhibits relatively good strength and corrosion resistance. 316L is the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel. [2] 316L in particular is biocompatible when produced to ASTM F138 / F139. [3]
316 stainless steel, also referred to as marine grade stainless steel, is a chromium, nickel, molybdenum alloy of steel that exhibits relatively good strength and corrosion resistance. Along with the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, 316 stainless is a common choice of material for biomedical implants.
Beta titanium alloys have excellent formability and can be easily welded. [10] Beta titanium is nowadays largely utilized in the orthodontic field and was adopted for orthodontics use in the 1980s. [10] This type of alloy replaced stainless steel for certain uses, as stainless steel had dominated orthodontics since the 1960s.
The most commonly implanted form of stainless steel is 316L. Cobalt-chromium and titanium-based implant alloys are also permanently implanted. All of these are made passive by a thin layer of oxide on their surface. A consideration, however, is that metal ions diffuse outward through the oxide and end up in the surrounding tissue.
Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray. An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone. [1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2]
Although stainless steel was used for older IM nails, titanium has several advantages, including lower mechanical failure rates and improved biocompatibility. [6] A more significant problem with earlier designs was their failure to prevent collapse or rotation in inherently unstable fractures.
A number of materials are used, with varying strengths and weaknesses. Surgical stainless steel, niobium and titanium are commonly used metals, with titanium the least likely to cause allergic reaction of the three. [103] Platinum and palladium are also safe alternatives, even in fresh piercings. [104]
Close-up demonstration of a surgical skin stapler. The first commercial staplers were made of stainless steel with titanium staples loaded into reloadable staple cartridges. Modern surgical staplers are either disposable and made of plastic, or reusable and made of stainless steel. Both types are generally loaded using disposable cartridges.
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