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Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are often preferred: " transformation " is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, including ...
"Transformation" may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells, including animal and plant cells; however, because "transformation" has a special meaning in relation to animal cells, indicating progression to a cancerous state, the process is usually called "transfection".
When genes are delivered to bacteria or plants the process is called transformation and when it is used to deliver genes to animals it is called transfection. This is because transformation has a different meaning in relation to animals, indicating progression to a cancerous state. [ 10 ]
The transformation efficiency is then calculated as the percentage of cells that express the fluorescent protein. [5] The number of viable cells in a preparation for a transformation reaction may range from 2×10 8 to 10 11; most common methods of E. coli preparation yield around 10 10 viable cells per reaction.
Transfection is the process of introducing exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cells. [12] It is a more specific term for animal cells, as the process of carcinogenesis in these cells is also included in the definition of transformation. Typically, transfection describes the changes in a cell's genome due to the introduction of foreign DNA. [4]
Many methods of transfection and transformation – two ways of expressing a foreign or modified gene in an organism – are effective in only a small percentage of a population subjected to the techniques. [13] [14] Thus, a method for identifying those few successful gene uptake events is necessary.
Transformation has a different meaning in relation to animals, indicating progression to a cancerous state, so the process used to insert foreign DNA into animal cells is usually called transfection. [35] There are many ways to directly introduce DNA into animal cells in vitro. Often these cells are stem cells that are used for gene therapy.
Reverse transfection is a technique for the transfer of genetic material into cells.As DNA is printed on a glass slide for the transfection process (the deliberate introduction of nucleic acids into cells) to occur before the addition of adherent cells, the order of addition of DNA and adherent cells is reverse that of conventional transfection. [1]