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A class or abstract class may implement one or more interfaces. An interface can only extend other interfaces. An abstract class may have non-public methods and properties (also abstract ones). An interface can only have public members. An abstract class may have constants, static methods and static members. An interface cannot.
The fragile base class problem is a fundamental architectural problem of object-oriented programming systems where base classes (superclasses) are considered "fragile" because seemingly safe modifications to a base class, when inherited by the derived classes, may cause the derived classes to malfunction. The programmer cannot determine whether ...
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
For example, if there were a Product class it might have a static method to compute the average price of all products. A static method can be invoked even if no instances of the class exist yet. Static methods are called "static" because they are resolved at compile time based on the class they are called on and not dynamically as in the case ...
static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.
As a precursor to the lambda functions introduced in C# 3.0, C#2.0 added anonymous delegates. These provide closure-like functionality to C#. [3] Code inside the body of an anonymous delegate has full read/write access to local variables, method parameters, and class members in scope of the delegate, excepting out and ref parameters. For example:-
Based on the type passed to the PersonFactory object, the original concrete object is returned as the interface IPerson. A factory method is just an addition to the PersonFactory class. It creates the object of the class through interfaces but also allows the subclass to decide which class is instantiated.
Any call to a class (static or constructor call), triggers the static constructor execution. Static constructors are thread safe and implement a singleton pattern. When used in a generic programming class, static constructors are called at every new generic instantiation one per type. [8]: 38 [4]: 111 Static variables are instantiated as well.