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The equivalent voltage V th is the voltage obtained at terminals A–B of the network with terminals A–B open circuited. The equivalent resistance R th is the resistance that the circuit between terminals A and B would have if all ideal voltage sources in the circuit were replaced by a short circuit and all ideal current sources were replaced ...
To find the Norton equivalent of a linear time-invariant circuit, the Norton current I no is calculated as the current flowing at the two terminals A and B of the original circuit that is now short (zero impedance between the terminals). The Norton resistance R no is found by calculating the output voltage V o produced at A and B with no ...
An equivalent impedance is an equivalent circuit of an electrical network of impedance elements [note 2] which presents the same impedance between all pairs of terminals [note 10] as did the given network. This article describes mathematical transformations between some passive, linear impedance networks commonly found in electronic circuits.
For a simple two-terminal device, the small signal equivalent circuit may be no more than two components. A resistance equal to the slope of the v/i curve at the operating point (called the dynamic resistance), and tangent to the curve. A generator, because this tangent will not, in general, pass through the origin.
Figure 4. These circuits are equivalent: (A) A resistor at nonzero temperature with internal thermal noise; (B) Its Thévenin equivalent circuit: a noiseless resistor in series with a noise voltage source; (C) Its Norton equivalent circuit: a noiseless resistance in parallel with a noise current source.
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
Simplified model for powering a load with resistance R L by a source with voltage V S and resistance R S.. The theorem was originally misunderstood (notably by Joule [4]) to imply that a system consisting of an electric motor driven by a battery could not be more than 50% efficient, since the power dissipated as heat in the battery would always be equal to the power delivered to the motor when ...
Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. [1] In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of ...