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No. 5 fuel oil is also called Navy Special Fuel Oil (NSFO) or just navy special; No. 5 or 6 are also commonly called heavy fuel oil (HFO) or furnace fuel oil (FFO); the high viscosity requires heating, usually by a recirculated low pressure steam system, before the oil can be pumped from a bunker tank. Bunkers are rarely labeled this way in ...
The gel point of petroleum products is the temperature at which the liquids gel so they no longer flow by gravity or can be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when the petroleum product reaches a low enough temperature to precipitate interlinked paraffin wax crystals throughout the fluid .
Both CII and CCAI are calculated from the density and kinematic viscosity of the fuel. CII was developed by BP to calculate the autoignition capacity of heavy fuel oils (HFO). It is calculated using the measured kinematic viscosity V (cSt or mm 2 /s) of a given fuel determined at temperature t (°C) and the density ρ 15 at 15°C (kg/m 3). [1]
The constant volume adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that results from a complete combustion process that occurs without any work, heat transfer or changes in kinetic or potential energy. Its temperature is higher than in the constant pressure process because no energy is utilized to change the volume of the system (i.e., generate ...
Data available until 2011 for fuel oil sales to the international marine shipping sector reports 207.5 million tonnes total fuel oil sales with HFO accounting for 177.9 million tonnes. [9] Marine vessels can use a variety of different fuels for the purpose of propulsion, which are divided into two broad categories: residual oils or distillates.
For a fuel of composition C c H h O o N n, the (higher) heat of combustion is 419 kJ/mol × (c + 0.3 h − 0.5 o) usually to a good approximation (±3%), [2] [3] though it gives poor results for some compounds such as (gaseous) formaldehyde and carbon monoxide, and can be significantly off if o + n > c, such as for glycerine dinitrate, C 3 H 6 ...
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The liquid stored in the tank (no. 6 fuel oil, also known as residual fuel oil or bunker C) is non-flammable, as its flash point is 71°C, well above ambient temperature. However, in the conditions in which it was stored on that day, it became flammable, although the mechanism by which this occurred is not fully confirmed.