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The PTO system is the second main component of an OWC device. It converts the pneumatic power into a desired energy source (i.e. sound or electricity). The PTO system design is very important to the efficiency of the oscillating water column. It must be able to convert airflow going both out of and into the collecting chamber into energy.
Islay LIMPET (Land Installed Marine Power Energy Transmitter) was the world's first commercial wave power device and was connected to the United Kingdom's National Grid, in November 2000. [2] The device was initially rated at 500 kW, but this was later downrated to 250 kW.
It appears that this was the first oscillating water-column type of wave-energy device. [10] From 1855 to 1973 there were 340 patents filed in the UK alone. [8] Modern pursuit of wave energy was pioneered by Yoshio Masuda's 1940s experiments. [11] He tested various concepts, constructing hundreds of units used to power navigation lights.
Oscillating water column: 2011–date Lifetime generation of over 3 GWh by the end of 2023. [18] Ocean RusEnergy [19] Russia Yekaterinburg: N Small-scale 2013 Pico Wave Power Plant [20] Portugal: 0.4: Oscillating water column: 2010 Runde Demo Site [21] Norway: 0.1: Oscillating water column: 2017 SDE Sea Waves Power Plant [22] Israel
The Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter is a wave energy concept being developed by Atargis Energy Corporation in Colorado. The patents were filed in 2005, and the company was founded in 2010, after initial research showed potential. [67] It is a fully submerged wave termination device, located offshore, with a direct drive generator.
The Mutriku Breakwater Wave Plant is a wave power plant constructed by Ente Vasco de la Energía (EVE), the Basque energy agency, in the bay of Mutriku in the Bay of Biscay. It is the world's first breakwater wave power plant with a multiple turbine arrangement. [1] The plant has a capacity of 296 kW from 16 turbo generator sets. [2]
At a simplified level, wave energy technology can be located near-shore and offshore. Wave energy converters can also be designed for operation in specific water depth conditions: deep water, intermediate water or shallow water. The fundamental device design will be dependent on the location of the device and the intended resource characteristics.
Some hydropower systems such as water wheels can draw power from the flow of a body of water without necessarily changing its height. In this case, the available power is the kinetic energy of the flowing water. Over-shot water wheels can efficiently capture both types of energy. [7] The flow in a stream can vary widely from season to season.