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Osteonectin is a 40 kDa acidic and cysteine-rich glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide chain that can be broken into 4 domains: 1) a Ca 2+ binding domain near the glutamic acid-rich region at the amino terminus (domain I), 2) a cysteine-rich domain (II), 3) a hydrophilic region (domain III), and 4) an EF hand motif at the carboxy terminus region (domain IV).
The level of RANKL expression does not linearly correlate to the effect of this ligand. High protein expression of RANKL is commonly detected in the lungs, thymus and lymph nodes. Low protein expression is found in bone marrow, the stomach, peripheral blood, the spleen, the placenta, leukocytes, the heart, the thyroid, and skeletal muscle. [9]
The expression of RANKL in these cells and the expression of RANK in bone cells may be the biological presentation of Paget's seed and soil idea. The affinity for RANK of RANKL may be the reason these cancers tend to metastasize to bone.
Transcription factor Sp7, also called Osterix (Osx), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP7 gene. [5] It is a member of the Sp family of zinc-finger transcription factors [5] It is highly conserved among bone-forming vertebrate species [6] [7] It plays a major role, along with Runx2 and Dlx5 in driving the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells into osteoblasts and ...
Runx2 is responsible for inducing the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells into immature osteoblasts, as well as activating expression of several key downstream proteins that maintain osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix genes. Knock-out of the DNA-binding activity results in inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation. Because ...
“Advancing our knowledge of bone chemistry is crucial for understanding how our skeletons age and how medical conditions effect the bones,” said lead study author Dr. Sheona Shankland, a ...
OPN at bone surfaces is located in a thin organic layer, the so-called lamina limitans. [72] The organic part of bone is about 20% of the dry weight, and counts in, other than osteopontin, collagen type I, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase. Collagen type I counts for 90% of the protein mass.
Osteoporosis is a bone-related disease caused by increased rates of bone resorption compared to bone formation. [39] A higher rate of resorption is often caused by increased osteoclastogenesis and results in symptoms of osteopenia such as excessive bone loss and low bone mineral density.