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Although circadian rhythms are endogenous, they are adjusted to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers (from German Zeitgeber (German: [ˈtsaɪtˌɡeːbɐ]; lit. ' time giver ')), which include light, temperature and redox cycles. In clinical settings, an abnormal circadian rhythm in humans is known as a circadian rhythm sleep ...
Because circadian clocks synchronize human sleep-wake cycles to coincide with periods of the day during which reward potential is highest – that is, during the daytime [16] – and recent studies have determined that daily rhythms in reward activation in humans are modulated by circadian clocks as well, [16] external influences on those ...
The term circadian derives from the Latin circa (about) dies (a day), since when taken away from external cues (such as environmental light), they do not run to exactly 24 hours. Clocks in humans in a lab in constant low light, for example, will average about 24.2 hours per day, rather than 24 hours exactly. [1]
An example is the interaction between circadian rhythms and environmental cues, such as light and temperature. Entrainment helps organisms adapt their bodily processes with the timing of a changing environment. [1] For example, entrainment is manifested during travel between time zones, hence why humans experience jet lag.
Overview, including some physiological parameters, of the human circadian rhythm ("biological clock").. Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. [1]
The demonstration of the human circadian clock led to research that uncovered many of the mechanisms that underlie it. [13] Desynchronization observed in this experiment was replicated by Aschoff and Wever in later experiments and used as evidence for a multi-oscillator model of circadian rhythm control. [11] [14] Scientists also studied the ...
The individual's or animal's circadian phase can be known only by the monitoring of some kind of output of the circadian system, the internal "body clock". The researcher can precisely determine, for example, the daily cycles of gene activity, body temperature, blood pressure, hormone secretion and/or sleep and activity/alertness.
Circadian clock, a molecular mechanism that results in a circadian rhythm in a living organism; Circadian rhythm, biological process that displays an oscillation about 24 hours, such as the human sleep-wake cycle (the "body clock") Epigenetic clock, a set of DNA sites whose methylation levels can be used to measure aging throughout the body