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  2. Electro-optic modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optic_modulator

    A phase modulating EOM can also be used as an amplitude modulator by using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This alternative technique is often used in integrated optics where the requirements of phase stability is more easily achieved. The beam splitter divides the laser light into two paths, one of which has a phase modulator as described above.

  3. Phase modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_modulation

    Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for transmission. It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave . Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation , together with frequency modulation .

  4. Optical modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_modulator

    An optical modulator is a device which is used to modulate a beam of light. The beam may be carried over free space, or propagated through an optical waveguide (optical fibre). Depending on the parameter of a light beam which is manipulated, modulators may be categorized into amplitude modulators, phase modulators, polarization modulators, etc.

  5. Receptor modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_modulator

    A receptor modulator, or receptor ligand, is a general term for a substance, endogenous or exogenous, that binds to and regulates the activity of chemical receptors.They are ligands that can act on different parts of receptors and regulate activity in a positive, negative, or neutral direction with varying degrees of efficacy.

  6. Neuromodulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation

    Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal.

  7. Acousto-optic modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic_modulator

    An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency). They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency

  8. Mode locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_locking

    Since the sidebands are driven in-phase, the central mode and the adjacent modes will be phase-locked together. Further operation of the modulator on the sidebands produces phase locking of the ν − 2f and ν + 2f modes, and so on until all modes in the gain bandwidth are locked. As said above, typical lasers are multi-mode and not seeded by ...

  9. Amplitude and phase-shift keying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_and_phase-shift...

    Amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by modulating both the amplitude and the phase of a carrier wave. In other words, it combines both amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and phase-shift keying (PSK).