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  2. Sorus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorus

    A sorus (pl.: sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. ... which forms an umbrella-like cover.

  3. Frond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frond

    Associated with each sorus in many species is a membranous protective structure called an indusium, which is an outgrowth of the blade surface that may partly cover the sporangia. Some fern species feature frond dimorphism , in which fertile and sterile fronds differ in appearance and structure.

  4. Hymenophyllum peltatum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenophyllum_peltatum

    Sori occur (1-2) on the acroscopic side of the primary pinna. When mature, each sorus is attached by a small, peltate branch, hence the name H. peltatum. [5] The sorus is a funnel-shaped receptacle, housing numerous sporangia, each approximately 1-2mm long and 0.5-1mm wide. [4]

  5. Hymenophyllaceae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenophyllaceae

    Within the sori, sporangia mature starting at the apex of the sorus and progressing to the base. They have a continuous, oblique annulus and release round, green trilete spores. The spores grow into thread- or ribbon-like gametophytes ; in many species, the gametophyte has an extended, independent lifespan and can reproduce asexually by ...

  6. Aspleniaceae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspleniaceae

    A flap-like indusium arises along one edge of a sorus. The leaf stalks ( petioles ) have two vascular bundles , uniting to form an X-shape in cross-section towards the tip of the leaf. The stalks of the sporangia are one cell wide in the middle.

  7. Leptosporangiate fern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptosporangiate_fern

    The mature sporangia have a wall that is just a single cell thick, [8] and are typically covered with a scale called the indusium, which can cover the whole sorus, forming a ring or cup around the sorus, or can also be strongly reduced to completely absent.

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