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Phyletic gradualism is a model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual. [1] When evolution occurs in this mode, it is usually by the steady transformation of a whole species into a new one (through a process called anagenesis).
The spiral model is a risk-driven software development process model. Based on the unique risk patterns of a given project, the spiral model guides a team to adopt elements of one or more process models, such as incremental, waterfall, or evolutionary prototyping.
This model was popularized by Ernst Mayr in his 1954 paper "Change of genetic environment and evolution," [3] and his classic volume Animal Species and Evolution (1963). [ 29 ] Allopatric speciation suggests that species with large central populations are stabilized by their large volume and the process of gene flow .
Darwin and his contemporaries viewed evolution as a slow and gradual process. Evolutionary trees are based on the idea that profound differences in species are the result of many small changes that accumulate over long periods. Gradualism had its basis in the works of the geologists James Hutton and Charles Lyell. Hutton's view suggests that ...
A Moran process or Moran model is a simple stochastic process used in biology to describe finite populations. The process is named after Patrick Moran, who first proposed the model in 1958. [1] It can be used to model variety-increasing processes such as mutation as well as variety-reducing effects such as genetic drift and natural selection.
Genome evolution – Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time; Hologenome theory of evolution – Organism as host plus microbe community; Models of DNA evolution – Mathematical models of changing DNA; Molecular evolution – Process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules across generations
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
Process theories come in four common archetypes. [2] Evolutionary process theories explain change in a population through variation, selection and retention—much like biological evolution. In a dialectic process theory, “stability and change are explained by reference to the balance of power between opposing entities” (p. 517).