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  2. Phosgene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene

    Phosgene was first deployed as a chemical weapon by the French in 1915 in World War I. [24] It was also used in a mixture with an equal volume of chlorine, with the chlorine helping to spread the denser phosgene. [25] [26] Phosgene was more potent than chlorine, though some symptoms took 24 hours or more to manifest.

  3. List of highly toxic gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highly_toxic_gases

    Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.

  4. German phosgene attack of 19 December 1915 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_of...

    Based on research by Fritz Haber into chlorine as a weapon, the Nernst–Duisberg Commission investigated the feasibility of adding phosgene to chlorine gas, to increase its lethality. [4] Work by Richard Willstätter to supply the German army with protective equipment, enabled it to contemplate the use of the far more lethal combination of ...

  5. Chemical warfare - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_warfare

    Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that ...

  6. Bhopal disaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster

    The Government of India passed the "Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act" that gave the government rights to represent all victims, whether or not in India. Complaints of lack of information or misinformation were widespread. An Indian government spokesman said, "Carbide is more interested in getting information from us than in helping our relief work ...

  7. Science fair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fair

    A science fair or engineering fair is an event hosted by a school that offers students the opportunity to experience the practices of science and engineering for themselves. In the United States, the Next Generation Science Standards makes experiencing the practices of science and engineering one of the three pillars of science education.

  8. Phosgene oxime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene_oxime

    Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula Cl 2 C=N−O H. It is a potent chemical weapon, specifically a nettle agent. The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids. It has a strong, disagreeable and irritating odor. It is used as a reagent in organic chemistry. [2]

  9. Chloroform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform

    Phosgene reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and HCl, [77] and the carbonate salt neutralizes the resulting acid. [ 78 ] Suspected samples can be tested for phosgene using filter paper which when treated with 5% diphenylamine , 5% dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in ethanol , and then dried, turns yellow in the presence of phosgene vapour. [ 79 ]