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Around 5% of cases of schizophrenia are understood to be at least partially attributable to rare copy number variations (CNVs); these structural variations are associated with known genomic disorders involving deletions at 22q11.2 (DiGeorge syndrome) and 17q12 (17q12 microdeletion syndrome), duplications at 16p11.2 (most frequently found) and ...
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
Schizophreniform disorder is a type of mental illness that is characterized by psychosis and closely related to schizophrenia.Both schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), have the same symptoms and essential features except for two differences: the level of functional impairment and the duration of symptoms.
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, but is not synonymous with psychosis. [1] In the prodrome to psychosis, uncharacteristic basic symptoms develop first, followed by more characteristic basic symptoms and brief and self-limited psychotic-like symptoms, and finally the onset of psychosis. [ 2 ]
Diagnosis of schizophrenia from non-psychotic disorders Sensitivity 61.8 (51.7, 71.0) Specificity 94.1 (88.0, 97.2) 55% (19% to 89%) With a prevalence of 55%, 55 out of every 100 people with non-psychotic disorders will have schizophrenia. Of these, 21 will not be identified as having schizophrenia by use of FRS (38% of 55).
The management of schizophrenia usually involves many aspects including psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to recovery, and reducing the impact of schizophrenia on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity.
Given the high numbers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (nearly 1% of modern-day populations), it is unlikely that the disorder has arisen solely from random mutations. [2] Instead it is believed that, despite its maladaptive nature, schizophrenia has been either selected for throughout the years or exists as a selective by-product.
Evidence suggests that it is the interaction between genes and the environment may be associated with the development of schizophrenia. [2] This is a complex process involving multiple environmental factors that have influence on a range of developmental periods that interact with a genetic susceptibility. [7]