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The sphenoid bone [note 1] is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with its wings extended.
Inferiorly: foramen lacerum, and the junction of the body and greater wing of sphenoid bone. Medially: pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), and sphenoidal air sinus. [3] Laterally: temporal lobe with uncus. Anteriorly: superior orbital fissure, and the apex of the orbit. Posteriorly: apex of petrous temporal bone.
Note that a superior petrosal sinus enters the junction of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Also an inferior petrosal sinus enters the sigmoid sinus near the jugular foramen. The posterior cranial fossa is formed in the endocranium , and holds the most basal parts of the brain .
Superior view of the skull base. Middle cranial fossa shown in green. 1: Sphenoidal limbus (anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove) 2: Posterior borders of the lesser wings of the sphenoid 3: Dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. 4: Superior borders of the petrous part of the temporal bone
A sphenoparietal sinus is situated under each lesser wing of the sphenoid bone near the posterior edge of this bone, [2] between the anterior cranial fossa and middle cranial fossa. [ citation needed ] It terminates by draining into the anterior part of the cavernous sinus .
The tuberculum sellae (or the tubercle of the sella turcica) is a slight [1] median elevation upon the superior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone (that forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa [2]: 508-509 ) at the anterior boundary of the sella turcica (hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa) [2]: 509 and posterior boundary of the chiasmatic groove.
2: Posterior borders of the lesser wings of the sphenoid 3: Dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone 4: Superior borders of the petrous part of the temporal bone. 5: Groove for transverse sinus of the occipital bone
Anatomical terms of bone [ edit on Wikidata ] The chiasmatic groove ( chiasmatic sulcus , optic groove , prechiasmatic sulcus ) is a transverse [ 1 ] groove upon the superior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 509 within the middle cranial fossa .